The basic principle of the restructuring plan is that KLM’s existing business model is still valid and valuable, but that far-reaching, structural initiatives are required to ensure KLM’s future success. Owing to the effects of the corona pandemic, KLM is preparing for an extended period during which fewer flights will be operated. The organisation will become smaller and less costly, as well as more sustainable, economical and efficient.

As KLM plays such an important economic and societal role in the Netherlands, the government has offered the airline a loan package, to which it has attached certain conditions. One condition is that KLM staff should contribute to KLM’s restructuring by accepting reduced employment conditions, amounting to income-dependent, graduated cutbacks of up to 20%. These reduced conditions will apply for the duration of the loan period.

KLM has now reached agreement with all unions for ground, cockpit and cabin staff on key principles of this plan for the period through 2022. This includes the unions VNC and FNV Cabine in the cabin domain and the unions FNV Luchtvaart, CNV, De Unie, VKP and NVLT in the ground domain, as well as the Dutch Airline Pilots Association VNV in the cockpit domain.

One of the other conditions imposed by the government is a 15% reduction in controllable costs. The KLM Works Council has been asked to advise on the downsizing and further simplification of the KLM organisation. In addition, there are more than 70 initiatives that will mainly reduce external costs. Significant cost savings will be achieved by phasing out leased aircraft and deploying a more efficient fleet. KLM is also meeting with suppliers and chain partners to contribute to cost reduction.

In terms of labour costs, KLM has already achieved savings by shedding jobs. KLM has already downsized by way of various measures, including non-renewal of short-term contracts (1,500 jobs) and a voluntary resignation scheme (2,000 jobs). By the end of the year, KLM will employ around 4,500 fewer people than it did before the corona pandemic.

Regrettably, further cutbacks cannot be excluded in view of the magnitude and gravity of the crisis. KLM has also reached agreement on a social plan with trade unions for ground personnel and cabin crew. The existing collective labour agreement for cockpit crew already provides a social plan.

Furthermore, KLM will reopen a voluntary resignation scheme targeting specific divisions and departments in order to minimise involuntary dismissals.

The KLM Works Council has reviewed and evaluated 37 requests for advice. The restructuring plan is ambitious and pressure ran high leading up to 1 October. The constructive contribution of divisional staff representatives and the Works Council deserves high praise. The Works Council’s positive advice on restructuring plans was subject to the successful negotiation of a social plan.

Prospects for the airline industry – and KLM in particular – are uncertain. Different countries are now beginning to tighten their more relaxed travel restrictions. This is making customers more cautious when it comes to booking a ticket. In all scenarios, demand is only expected to recover by 2023 or 2024 at the earliest. The degree and speed of recovery will depend on a number of factors including the development of the virus, economic recovery and customer travel behaviour.

Adjusting to the new reality

Government support in the form of a direct state loan and guaranteed bank credit facilities amounting to a maximum of €3.4 billion will enable KLM to navigate the crisis in the forthcoming period. KLM is extremely grateful for this support provided by means of the loan. In order to guarantee KLM’s existence in the longer term, the airline must adapt its size to the new reality. KLM therefore finds itself compelled to reduce its workforce down to the number needed for the planned operation in 2021/2022. Of the current total of 33,000 FTEs in the entire KLM Group, the workforce must be reduced by 4,500 to 5,000 FTEs to 28,000 FTEs in the course of 2021.

KLM’s size is already becoming smaller – and will continue to be reduced – based on the current measures, which include the non-renewal of temporary contracts (1,500 FTEs) and the Voluntarily Departure Scheme (2,000 FTEs). Additionally, natural attrition (500 FTEs) through retirement and the like in 2020 and 2021 will also contribute to the reduction needed.

Hence, despite the measures already taken, even fewer people will be needed at KLM in the years ahead. Additionally, for positions on the ground we also need to deal with some mismatch in functional skills and capabilities.

Unfortunately, for this reason and taking into account the mismatch, alternative solutions will have to be found for ca. 1,500 positions. This relates to up to 500 ground positions, 300 cabin crew positions and 300 cockpit positions and approximately 400 positions at KLM subsidiaries and Air France-KLM group functions.

Given the high level of uncertainty, KLM keeps open the possibility of further reductions in case the production levels will be revised further down for 2021/2022 than the -20% planned now.

Trade unions and Works Council

KLM’s reorganisation plans tie in with organisation-wide changes at Air France KLM. In the forthcoming period, KLM will be cooperating closely with the trade unions to draft a social plan for each collective labour agreement domain and subsidiary, as well as maintaining close consultation with the Works Council about further defining the reorganisation. This will include a more detailed specification of the conditions set by the Dutch government on issuing the financing package. Expectations are that this will be finished in its entirety in the course of October.